According to local tradition, the earliest Christian community at Ramkvilla was founded by monks who landed on the lakeshore and built the parish's first church there, possibly a stave church dating from around the mid-1100s. Timber fragments from a 12th-century church were found during restoration work in the 1960s, confirming that a wooden or stone building of that period once stood on the site, though which material was used remains uncertain. The present church is generally dated to the 1300s, with parts of that stone building still traceable in today's structure.
The building was altered substantially over the centuries. Between 1707 and 1708 the nave was extended eastwards and a new straight-ended chancel was added, followed by a sacristy built onto the north wall in 1710. The west tower, built of stone with four sound openings and an open lantern topped by a cross, was added in 1832–1834 to designs by Axel Almfelt, giving the exterior its present neoclassical character. Bells that had previously hung in a separate bell tower were moved into the new tower.
Inside, the church has a barrel-vaulted timber ceiling decorated during the 1700s by the painter Vadstein of Vadstena. A 1931 restoration uncovered rococo border decoration on the vault's cornice and revealed painted images of the apostles on the gallery front, both of which had previously been painted over.
Among the church's furnishings is a sandstone font carved with mythical creatures, dated to the second half of the 1100s and attributed to the so-called Njudung Master. A wooden figure of Saint Olaf, carved from oak in the 1200s, and a triumphal crucifix from the 1300s placed above the altar are further reminders of the church's medieval origins. The pulpit, with its sounding board, was made in 1794 in a neoclassical style to designs by Thure Wennberg, who also designed the altarpiece; the accompanying altar painting by Anton Isaksson was moved from the chancel to the south wall of the church in 1931. Visitors may also notice an epitaph commemorating the court official Daniel Stocke and his family, and enclosed box pews with carved doors dating from the 1700s.
The church has had at least two organs: an eleven-stop instrument built in 1931 by A. Mårtensson's Orgelfabrik of Lund, replaced in 1975 by a mechanical organ built by Nils-Olof Berg of Nye, which retains a newer facade.