The church was built because the old medieval church, still standing across the road, had become too small for the growing combined parishes of Dädesjö and Eke, which had been merged by royal decision. Plans to rebuild the old church were abandoned in 1792 in favour of constructing an entirely new building, designed by the architect Olof Tempelman. It was consecrated in 1796 by Bishop Olof Wallqvist.
Tempelman's design was based on a pattern book of model plans intended to guide both state and private church building in Sweden during this period, meaning Dädesjö nya kyrka can be seen as a fairly representative example of late 18th-century Swedish ecclesiastical architecture. However, the parishioners found the original scheme too costly, so the plans were not followed exactly as drawn.
The building has its tower to the north and chancel to the south, with a sacristy to the east. The tower is topped with a helm-shaped roof and a lantern crowned by a cross. The nave is a hall-church type with a barrel vault over the interior, ending in a three-sided chancel.
Several fittings were brought over from the old medieval church, including a Romanesque font dated to the 13th century, carved with reliefs of fabulous beasts, and a Renaissance-style pulpit made in the 1600s. A Baroque altarpiece structure from 1705 also survives from the earlier building. The current altarpiece, depicting the Ascension of Christ, was painted in 1816 by Emanuel Limnell, with its architectural frame designed by Limnell together with Johan Christian Serén the following year. A painted gallery screen by Hans Brachwagen, originally made for the old church in the early 1700s, was reinstalled in 1902, though it was substantially repainted and completed at that time.
The church's organ history reflects several rebuildings: an original 1850 instrument by Johan Nikolaus Söderling, replaced in 1913, rebuilt again in 1930, and finally replaced by a mechanical organ built in 1985, which reuses the case front from the 1850 instrument.
The old medieval nave itself was preserved and used as a storehouse until 1906, when the state took it into care because of its uniquely important medieval ceiling paintings.