During Lödöse's medieval heyday, a Gothic church built in the 1200s stood on this site, dedicated to the apostle Peter and recorded in 1330 as ecclesia beati Petri. Sources agree it was destroyed by fire, generally dated to 1565, though accounts differ on the cause: one account attributes the destruction to Danish troops under commander Daniel Rantzau during the Nordic Seven Years' War, while another simply describes a fire without specifying an attacker. A wooden church followed, then a tornless stone church from 1731, before the present building was erected in 1845–1846 and consecrated in 1847.
The church that visitors see today is built in a restrained Neoclassical style. Inside, light grey walls and a pale blue ceiling create a calm setting for the altarpiece, which depicts the holy city of Jerusalem. Before it stands a large gilded cross accompanied by carved figures of Christ and the evangelists.
Several older furnishings recall the building's long history. A medieval font, carved by the so-called Lödöse Master and originally brought from Skepplanda church, is a notable survival, along with a crucifix mounted above the south door. In the porch, medieval gravestones—variously described as some of the originals or specifically four stones from the 1300s—have been preserved from earlier churches on the site. Fragments of ceiling paintings from an older church, along with sections of an earlier altar structure, have also been retained, and painted boards from the 1731 church's decorated ceiling are said to be displayed in the current church's tower.
The pulpit dates from 1864, and in 1947 the church received a set of paintings by Erik Abrahamson depicting scenes from the life of the apostle Peter, given as a donation. The church has two organs associated with the Grönvall organ-building firm: a gallery organ with a older façade that has been rebuilt and enlarged over successive decades, and a smaller choir organ built by John Grönvall in 1982.