The church has medieval origins, though the exact date building began is uncertain. A major rebuilding was followed by a reconsecration in 1503, performed by Archbishop Jakob Ulvsson. Oviken's parish was one of the most significant in Jämtland during the Middle Ages, and its incumbent between 1525 and 1563, Erik Andersson, was later enlisted by Gustav Vasa as a reformer, with the parish then covering the whole of southern Jämtland.
The building seen today largely reflects an 18th-century reconstruction carried out between 1758 and 1763, which gave the church its rectangular nave and hipped roof, with a sacristy to the north. The freestanding bell tower was built by Jonas Granberg in 1751–52, and a churchyard wall of the same period includes three roofed gate structures with distinctive wooden gates. Restoration work has uncovered traces of two earlier churches beneath the present one, and wall paintings dating from the mid-1500s, of Uppland type, were uncovered in 1933.
By the early 20th century the old church had fallen out of use as a parish church, replaced by Ovikens nya kyrka in 1905 after concerns about cracking in its walls. Strong local opposition to abandoning the old building led to a long campaign for its conservation and eventual restoration, funded entirely by donations rather than church or public funds; the largest gift came from a Sundsvall merchant couple with family roots in Oviken. The church was reconsecrated in 1935.
Among the furnishings are a pulpit of 1760 by Johan Edler the Elder, decorated with an hourglass and skull motif, and an altar structure of 1759 by Jonas Granberg on the theme of the Trinity, gilded and painted by Carl Hofverberg. There is also a font angel by Edler and a chasuble dated 1668. The most distinctive object, however, is the old altar cabinet, a copy made in the 1650s by the joiner Peder Olofsson of Ljusdal. According to research cited in the Wikipedia source, it reproduces a much finer Flemish altar cabinet originally supplied to Oviken from Antwerp and consecrated in 1503, which was later sold to Ljusdal church around 1530 after the Reformation prompted the removal of Catholic furnishings from Oviken. The copy, made by a joiner rather than a sculptor, was valued more for its evangelical message than artistic refinement.
The church also contains an organ rebuilt in 1935 within an older case from an instrument of 1793–97, and rebuilt again in 1967; and a memorial plaque on the south wall to a local captain, Erik Gustaf Lilieskiöld. Next to the church stands Logården, the area's heritage farmstead.