The present church was built between 1786 and 1790, replacing an earlier wooden church that stood slightly to the south and is thought to date back to the 1500s, having been enlarged and rebuilt several times over the following two centuries. The design is generally attributed to the architect Olof Tempelman, though sources note the approved 1777 drawing was unsigned, so his authorship is not entirely certain. The building work was led by master mason Nils Billing of Kristianstad, with the foundation laid in 1784. All able-bodied men of the parish were required to help with construction, a communal effort still recorded in an inscription inside the church. The church was consecrated on 30 November 1788.
The building is constructed of roughcast, whitewashed granite, with a rectangular nave, a straight-ended chancel and a sacristy extension to the east. A west tower houses the main entrance and was given its distinctive curved cupola, flanked by small classical pediments, in 1790. The roof was originally covered with wooden shingles, later replaced entirely by copper sheeting in 1936; only the tower roof had copper cladding before that date.
Inside, the pulpit is a survival from the older timber church, dating from the late 1600s, and is decorated with carved figures of the four evangelists, with a later sounding board added above. The altarpiece was painted in 1789–90 by Martin David Roth of Lund, paired with an altar structure carved in 1790 by the sculptor Johan Millberg of Landskrona. A wooden font from 1696 also survives from the earlier church. The gallery balustrade is decorated with grisaille paintings added in the 1830s by Carl Strömberg.
The church's two bells both once hung in the old church's freestanding bell tower: the larger dates from 1708 and the smaller from 1740, cast by members of the Wetterholtz family of Malmö. The church has an organ with a façade dating from 1877, though the instrument itself has been rebuilt more than once, most recently in 1985.
A restoration in the late 1950s saw the chancel floor and aisles relaid with Öland limestone. Örkeneds kyrka continues to serve as a place of worship and a venue for cultural events within its parish.