A church has stood at Nöbbele since the 1100s, the earlier building being a Romanesque stone church with a separate bell tower. By the early nineteenth century this medieval structure was judged inadequate for the growing parish, and in 1821 it was declared 'defective and insufficient'. Three years later the parish decided to build anew, and the old church was demolished to make way for the present building.
Construction took place between 1826 and 1829, to designs produced by the Överintendentsämbetet (the Royal Office of Buildings), with the Växjö builder Swensson responsible for the works. The church was consecrated on Whit Sunday 1832; Bishop Esaias Tegnér was unable to attend owing to illness, so the ceremony was carried out by the dean, Christopher Isac Heurlin.
The building is of rendered, whitewashed stone in the pale, restrained Empire style typical of Swedish churches of the period, with a square west tower topped by an enclosed lantern and clock. The broad nave leads to a chancel and a four-sided sacristy at the east end, and the barrel-vaulted interior remains close to its original appearance.
Among the furnishings is an altarpiece of 1830 depicting the institution of the Eucharist, painted by Salomon Andersson. The pulpit is rounded and richly gilded, with a sounding board above, and the font dates from the nineteenth century. A crucifix bearing a medieval figure of Christ is set into a cross made in 1701 by the woodcarver M. J. Mattisson of Tegnaby, an object considerably older than the church itself. Three funerary hatchments (begravningsvapen) also hang in the church interior.
The church has an organ originally built in the 1860s by a parishioner, Carl August Johansson, together with the local cantor P. J. Holmqvist, with a case designed by the Överintendentsämbetet. The organ works were later replaced and rebuilt, and a separate small chancel organ was added in 1980. The building underwent exterior renovation around 1991–92 and interior work in 1997.