The oldest parts of the church, the tower and nave, date from the early 1300s. Unlike most Gotland churches, which have kept their medieval form largely intact, Fårö kyrka has been substantially altered over the centuries, giving it a character closer to churches found on the Swedish mainland.
Windows were cut into the north wall in 1761, one window frame still bears that date, and the loss of large interior pillars supporting the stone vaulting has left the church noticeably light and open. The most extensive rebuilding took place in 1858–59, when a large transept and sacristy were added, doubling the church's size and giving it its present form. At the same time the entrance was moved from the original south side to its current position in the tower.
The tower itself has a mixed history. One account notes that a lower, narrower tower was demolished in the later 1700s and replaced by the taller tower seen today, with its distinctive spire topped by a yellow weathercock; another source records that lightning struck the tower around the mid-1700s, requiring a new tower cap. Both events may relate to the same rebuilding, though the sources describe it differently.
Inside, the font and a processional crucifix both date from the 1300s, though accounts differ slightly on the crucifix's precise date, one placing it around 1400. The font is unusually plain for Gotland, where elaborately carved fonts are more common. The altarpiece dates from the later 1600s. Two folk paintings known as the Käuta paintings (from the Gutnish word for seal) depict dramatic seal-hunting incidents: one from 1603, when hunters drifted out to sea on breaking ice and were rescued after a fortnight, and another from 1767 involving a father and son saved by neighbours after a similar mishap.
The church organ, installed in 1875, was originally built in 1860 for Väddö church and given a new facade by architect Per Ulrik Stenhammar when it was later moved to Fårö. The large churchyard offers views out to sea from the churchyard ridge, one of only two such vantage points on Gotland along with Fröjel. In its north-west corner lies the well-visited grave of film director Ingmar Bergman, close to a memorial garden.