The church was constructed as a cruciform building with a tower and a three-sided chancel, and can hold some 400 to 500 visitors. Its tower spire, delivered in November 1890, was one of the earliest commissions completed by the newly formed Åkermans foundry and engineering works, while the bells arrived the following summer, cast at a mechanical works in Gothenburg. The church was consecrated on the first Sunday of Advent, 29 November 1891.
Until 1952 the building was known as Västra Sallerups kyrka, named after the original medieval parish church of the same name that stood in the nearby village of Västra Sallerup. When this new church was built to serve the growing railway town of Eslöv, the intention was that it would fully replace the old medieval church, which was expected to be demolished. It was, however, left standing, initially falling into disuse, before being restored and reconsecrated in 1953. An inscription above the entrance to the present church still records its original name and its construction under King Oscar II. The building was renamed Eslövs kyrka in 1952, when the parish itself took that name.
Some of the church's original fittings reflect this shared history. A seventeenth-century pulpit and an old font, first installed here in 1891, were later returned to Västra Sallerup at the time of that church's restoration. In their place, Eslövs kyrka received a limestone pulpit designed by Eiler Græbe in 1955 and a font from 1962 by Stig Ryberg. A chancel carpet in front of the altar was designed by Barbro Nilsson and woven at Märta Måås-Fjetterström's workshop.
The church has three bells: two cast in Gothenburg in 1891 for the new building, and a third donated in 1961. Its main organ, built in 1952 by the Dutch firm D. A. Flentrop, replaced an earlier instrument from 1892 and was inaugurated in 1953; a separate, smaller choir organ was added in 1988.