Construction began in 1669, reportedly without the bishop's formal permission, though King Karl XI later approved the project and the church was consecrated in 1673. The building consists of a rectangular nave with a straight chancel to the east and a recessed tower to the west, with a sacristy on the north side and a porch to the south.
The church was enlarged westwards in 1781, when the earlier detached bell tower was replaced by the tower seen today. The exterior walls are clad in red-painted wooden shingles, while the roofs are covered with tarred shingles; inside, the nave has a wooden barrel-vaulted ceiling, and the chancel is raised one step above the rest of the church. The entrance doors, with hand-planed frames, date from the 18th century, while the current windows with their three-sided upper sections were installed during renovations in 1871.
The church continued to be used throughout the year until 1921, after which winter services were moved to the parish community hall. In 1925 the parish voted to dismantle the building and re-erect it at Rönndalen, but the decision was overturned following an appeal to the County Administrative Board, allowing the church to remain on its original site. A donation received in 1927 was made conditional on the church never being relocated, and the shingle roof was subsequently repaired. A new parish church was completed in 1957, after which regular worship moved there.
Little has changed inside Envikens Gamla kyrka since the 1880s. It has no electricity or heating beyond an iron stove, and the interior survives largely intact. Among the fittings is a five-sided pulpit dating from the church's original construction, first left unpainted, then repainted blue in 1781 and later in yellow and white in 1873. The organ, built in 1872 by Gustaf Wilhelm Becker, remains a notable feature of the church.
The churchyard is enclosed by stone walls thought to date from around 1800, built of split and rounded stones, with entrances on the west and south sides. A red-painted timber storehouse stands within the north wall.