The building's origins lie in 1912, when it was constructed as a 'Soldatkyrkan' (Soldiers' Church) for the Västmanland Regiment, which had moved to newly built barracks at Viksäng in 1906. Funds were raised by a support association, and Bishop Nils Lövgren was among those behind the project. Designed by architect Arvid Grane in a national romantic style, the building originally combined a chapel with a library, reading room and caretaker's residence.
After the regiment was disbanded in 1927, the site passed to the newly formed air force wing, and the church was refurbished in 1941 under architect Viktor Segerstedt, who added a new pulpit, ceiling and chandeliers. A freestanding bell tower, also by Segerstedt, was erected a few years later thanks to a local benefactor. Military use of the area declined through the following decades, and when the old barracks quarter was demolished to make way for thousands of new residents, the church remained in place rather than being relocated as once planned.
A thorough reordering of the interior took place in 1965 under architect Vilhelm Alnefelt, at which point nearly all military features were removed and the building was reconsecrated under its present name, Viksängskyrkan. Pulpit, pews and altar were replaced, and pine panelling was fitted to ceiling and pillars. In 1975 the altar was moved to the centre of the church room, a symbolic gesture emphasising the presence of Christ among the congregation — an arrangement that remains unusual among Swedish parish churches.
The exterior, by contrast, has largely kept its early twentieth-century character: an L-shaped timber building rendered in pale yellow-white, with a pentagonal apse, a ridge turret on the roof, and porches whose broad bargeboards draw on Old Norse decorative forms. Inside, the pine-clad, three-sided roof and simple white walls create a plain, contemplative space, with the green-toned apse providing the main note of colour.