A church at Stengårdshult was first recorded in 1540. The medieval building was replaced in 1769 by a new timber church, decorated inside by the local parish painter Sven Nilsson Morin, whose gallery front depicted Christ and the apostles. A bell tower replaced the earlier open belfry in 1894.
Disaster struck in 1907, when fire destroyed this eighteenth-century church. According to local accounts, the blaze began during a church service; worshippers first tried to extinguish the flames but soon turned to rescuing what they could, saving pews, a 1720 pulpit and a chasuble dating from 1665.
Planning for a replacement began the following year, and the present church was consecrated in 1912 to designs by the architect Torben Grut of the Royal Board of Public Building. Built of timber on a large scale reminiscent of a basilica, it has steep tiled roofs, a nave with a narrower straight-ended chancel to the east, a sacristy to the north and a porch to the west. Both exterior and interior were painted white, and the open, intricately braced roof construction remains a distinctive feature of the interior, which is largely unaltered since the building was completed and is finished throughout in white and pale grey.
A large altarpiece depicting the Transfiguration was added in 1924, painted by Gerda Höglund. A renovation of 1954–55, led by architect Adolf Niklasson, enlarged the gallery to accommodate a choir, supported on two new pillars. The shingled and tarred bell tower, with its old Nordic-influenced form, is a notable survival of earlier building traditions on the site.
Among the church's furnishings are objects that escaped the 1907 fire: a five-sided Baroque pulpit carved in 1720 by Jonas Ullberg of Velinga, later conserved and placed in the south-east of the nave, and the older church's darkened eighteenth-century altarpiece showing the Crucifixion at Golgotha. A small oak fragment of a medieval Madonna figure, thought to date from the thirteenth century, is kept in the sacristy. There is also a folk Baroque crucifix, probably carved around 1810, likely by the same Sven Nilsson Morin who had painted the earlier church, and an epitaph portrait of a former vicar with his family. The church's original 1912 pneumatic organ was replaced in 1968 by a mechanical instrument built by Nordfors & Co.