The church was built between 1904 and 1907, constructed under master builder E. G. Kristiansson to designs by the architect Gustaf Hermansson. A general renovation followed in 1954, updating the building while retaining its original form.
The timber structure follows a simple plan typical of the region's wooden churches, with a nave, a narrower chancel to the east, and a slender tower to the west. A sacristy is attached at the nave's south-eastern corner. Both the interior and exterior walls are clad in wooden panelling, and the church hall is covered by a triangular panelled ceiling known in Swedish church architecture as a "tredingstak".
Inside, the altarpiece takes the form of a tall cross, a simple but striking focal point for the chancel. The font and pulpit were also made by Julius Johan Forsberg, adding a coherent decorative hand to the church's furnishings.
Puottaure kyrka offers visitors a glimpse of the plain, functional wooden churches built across Sweden's northern parishes in the early 1900s, reflecting both the practical building traditions of the period and the modest resources of small rural communities like Puottaure.