The present stone church was built between 1789 and 1791 to a design by the architect Olof Samuel Tempelman, replacing a medieval Romanesque church that had stood on the same spot since the 1100s. The building follows a neoclassical plan, with a tower to the west and a narrower chancel to the east. Inside, the preaching hall is light and spacious, covered by a wooden barrel vault. Tempelman's scheme originally called for a small obelisk atop the tower, but this was replaced during construction by a globe surmounted by a cross.
Among the church's furnishings are sculptures and artworks surviving from the medieval and Renaissance periods, carried over from the earlier church on the site. These include an altar shrine of oak dedicated to the Virgin Mary, dating largely from the mid-13th century and later reworked in the 15th century, and a wooden figure of a deacon, also mainly of oak and possibly dating from the 1200s. A damaged Romanesque font, likewise inherited from the medieval building, can still be seen.
The church's organ has an interesting history of its own. It was built in 1795 by the organ-maker Pehr Schiörlin of Linköping, with a case design adapted by Tempelman himself. The instrument was altered in 1885 and substantially reconstructed in 1963, when much of its original tonal disposition was restored, incorporating surviving pipework from the 18th-century instrument. Further conservation work took place in 2008.
By the early twentieth century, Nässjö's growing population had outstripped this rural church, and a new brick church—Nässjö stadskyrka—was built within the town itself in 1908–1909. The older church nonetheless remained in use and is still valued for its atmosphere and historic character.
Next to the church stands Klockargården, a former parish building that now houses a small local school museum.