The earliest known church at Månsarp was a medieval timber building. It was succeeded by another wooden church, completed in 1714, which stood nearby and was clad externally in shingles, painted red, with a tiled roof. Its interior featured decorative paintings by Johan Kinnerus dating from the 1740s. That site is now known as the old churchyard, or ödekyrkogården, and the original churchyard wall still survives there.
By the mid-nineteenth century the old church was considered dilapidated and too small for the parish, and in 1846 the parish meeting decided to build a replacement. The new church, completed in 1853 and consecrated in 1857 by Bishop Christopher Isac Heurlin, was constructed in a late Classicist style, notable for its spacious, light-filled interior.
The building has undergone several renovations over the years. The most significant interior restoration took place in 1977–1978, involving rebuilding of the chancel, meeting rooms and cloakroom areas, along with a new colour scheme. The most recent exterior renovation, in 1994, included a new roof and further redecoration.
Among the church's notable furnishings are a chancel arch painting by Waldemar Lorentzon, added during a 1957–1958 renovation, and an altar cabinet from 1978 by the artist Hans Fagerström.
The church has two organs. The main organ was originally built in 1857 by August Rosenborg of Vadstena with twelve stops; in 1936 it was rebuilt as a pneumatic instrument by Th Frobenius & Co of Denmark, though the 1857 case front was retained. A separate, smaller mechanical chancel organ was built in 1978 by J. Künkels Orgelverkstad.
Visitors can find a welcome leaflet in the church porch with further details on points of local interest, and to the east of the church lies a wooded recreational area with an open-air chapel, a shelter, an activity trail and a boules court.