The present church replaced an older building known as Kristine Kapell, which had become increasingly dilapidated. In earlier times Kvarsebo was not its own parish, and during periods when the ice on nearby waters was neither solid enough to cross nor fully broken up, the local priest struggled to reach the community. The inhabitants petitioned Queen Kristina by letter for the right to form their own parish, a request that was granted.
During the eighteenth century, the villagers tried to raise funds for a new church, receiving permission to collect donations from the diocese on three occasions. However, this fell during the Caroline era, when war disrupted the country, and the sums raised covered only a small fraction of the costs. Undeterred, the community built the church themselves on its present site, and the first mass was held there on Christmas Day 1808. A cross was later erected on the site of the old church, and the churchyard was laid out at the same time as the new building; a memorial grove was added in the 1990s.
Inside, the altarpiece, painted in 1810 by Pehr Hörberg, depicts Christ in Gethsemane. The pulpit dates from 1750 and was carved by the sculptor Niclas Österbom of Norrköping; it originally stood in Östra Husby church before being moved to Kvarsebo.
The church also houses a mechanical organ built in 1852 by Johan Lund of Stockholm, which was later modified and restored over the following century, along with a smaller mechanical choir organ added subsequently.