Until the mid-1800s, the people of Järbo had to travel more than ten kilometres to the parish church at Ovansjö. Tired of the journey, they built their own chapel at their own expense, completed in 1856, which also served as the village school. On 1 March 1860, during school hours, the chapel roof collapsed under the weight of snow, reportedly because the walls lacked sufficient anchoring. Accounts agree that the schoolroom itself, where dozens of children were having lessons, survived intact, and a local saying about the collapse is said to have entered village speech.
Work on a replacement church began at once, under builder Erik Lundin to designs by architect L. E. Åman. The first service was held there as early as Advent Sunday 1860, when the building probably consisted of little more than outer walls and a roof. Construction was finished by 1862, and the church was consecrated on 17 June 1863. Funds were raised through public appeals and church collections, and the ironworks owner Hjalmar Petre of Hammarby is remembered as a significant benefactor to both the chapel and the church.
The building is a timber-framed, three-aisled church with a chancel to the east, a tower to the west, and transepts extending from the chancel's north and south sides, the exterior clad in horizontal panelling. For years the church made do without proper bells, using steel triangles hung on posts outside; a hammer used to strike them is said to survive. Bells were finally installed in the tower in 1880, and an organ was added a few years after the church's completion, with further organ replacements following in 1905 and 1953.
The interior has changed over successive restorations. A major refurbishment in 1905 raised the chancel floor to accommodate a heating chamber, widened the organ loft and moved the pews. Electric lighting was celebrated with a special service at Easter 1914, and the church acquired its first tower clock in 1949 after a local fundraising effort. The most significant change came with the 1953 restoration, which gave the church much of its present appearance: a new heating system was installed, the canopy over the pulpit was lowered, and the two staircases to the gallery were removed, with a new staircase added in the 1990s for safety reasons.
The altarpiece, "Easter Morning" by Olle Hjortzberg, now occupies a place where stained-glass windows once stood; those windows were later moved to the christening chapel. Several decorative wood carvings and paintings were lost during restoration work, to the regret of many parishioners, along with one of four crystal chandeliers donated by Petre, said to have been reclaimed by him after a royal visit. One account suggests a chandelier later returned to the church may be the same piece, passed down through a local family, though this connection is uncertain. The church safe was unsuccessfully targeted by thieves in 1974, but in 1989 the church silver was stolen and has not been recovered; much of it has since been replaced with equivalent items.