The present building replaced an earlier medieval timber church with a stone chancel, which stood a little to the south on the same churchyard. That older church, along with the neighbouring medieval timber church at Kvenneberga, was condemned as unfit for use following a visitation by Bishop Esaias Tegnér in 1828. After an appeal, the decision to combine the two congregations into a single new church was confirmed by royal authority in 1831, and the old Hjortsberga church was demolished shortly after the new one was built.
Construction took place in 1838–1839 in a neoclassical style, intended as a shared place of worship for the former Kvenneberga and Hjortsberga congregations. The church was first used for services on the first Sunday of Advent in 1840, though its formal consecration did not take place until 1853, conducted by Bishop Christopher Isac Heurlin.
The building is constructed of stone, rendered and limewashed inside and out, with a rectangular nave, a chancel wall and a semicircular sacristy behind it to the east. The west tower carries a lantern typical of the period, topped with a cross. Inside, the church has the form of a hall church with a barrel vault, and the chancel is marked by wall pilasters. Beneath the sacristy lies a burial vault belonging to the Lindegren-Lagerbielke family of Forssa.
The altarpiece, depicting the Resurrection of Christ, was painted by Uno Angerstein in 1846 and is a copy of Fredric Westin's altarpiece in Kungsholm Church in Stockholm. It is set within an altar surround of paired columns supporting an arch decorated with angel heads. The neoclassical pulpit, complete with its sounding board, is adorned with gilded symbols, and the pews retain their original enclosed box form from the time the church was built. A crucifix rescued from the old church has been dated to the 13th century.
The church's mechanical organ dates from 1973–1974 and was built by Anders Perssons Orgelbyggeri behind the façade of an earlier 1841 instrument by Pehr Zacharias Strand; an intervening organ by A. Mårtensson's organ factory served the church from 1929. A smaller choir organ, built in 1981 by Åkerman & Lund, was acquired in 2001.