The church has stone origins going back to the 1100s, though it has been substantially altered over the centuries. Sources agree that the original chancel was demolished around 1300, when the nave was extended eastward, and that the building was further widened in the 1400s, when vaulted ceilings were added. A new sacristy replaced an earlier one north of the choir in 1667.
The present tower dates from a major renovation around 1902, funded as a gift by Gunnar Feodor Enderlein, the new owner of nearby Åkerö slott, with the parish covering the cost of its foundation. A separate freestanding bell frame nearby dates from 1644, though its bells were moved into the new tower in 1902.
Inside, the church is richly decorated with paintings, some dating from the 1902 restoration and others surviving from as early as the 1600s. The altarpiece is generally dated to the early eighteenth century, with sources giving 1714. An earlier altar cabinet from 1585 is preserved in the sacristy. Two carved wooden sculptures from the late fifteenth century also remain in the church, and the font and its dish were donated in 1647 by Johan Fitinghoff, then owner of Broby manor.
The pulpit was made by craftsmen at Åkerö estate and given to the church in 1765 by the statesman and art collector Carl Gustaf Tessin, a notable local figure. Beneath the floor lies a burial vault containing members of the Sparre and Bjelke noble families, including Tessin himself and Ulrika Lovisa Sparre and Fredrik Sparre.
The church's organ has its own story: shortly before the fateful masked ball of 1792, King Gustav III approved architect Olof Tempelman's designs for an organ built by Per Schiörlin in 1794. It was later reconstructed in 1988. A separate organ by E. A. Setterquist & Son was installed in 1903, reflecting the church's continued musical life. A separate gravekapell (burial chapel) stands at Bettna Nya kyrkogård, the newer cemetery.