The present stone church replaced two earlier medieval churches serving the parishes of Näs and Gullarp. Gullarp's church was demolished in the mid-1850s, while Näs church was taken down except for its tower. Baron Nils Trolle commissioned the new building as a shared parish church, choosing a Danish architect whose design gives Trollenäs kyrka an unusual character compared with contemporary Swedish churches of the mid-19th century.
The church consists of a rectangular nave with a tower and main entrance to the west. At the eastern end is a rectangular extension containing the chancel, surrounded by a sacristy, while a private gallery for the castle's occupants is found to the north—a reminder of the close historical link between the church and the neighbouring estate.
An exterior renovation in 1992 revealed that the rendering on the tower, the nave's western gable and the northern wall had been covering rubble masonry built from selected fieldstones with occasional sandstone blocks, offering an insight into the original construction methods beneath later finishes.
Among the church's furnishings is an altar figure copied from Thorvaldsen's well-known depiction of Christ, along with a woven altar carpet by Hillevi Nilsson. The church has had a succession of organs: an instrument built by Pehr Strand of Stockholm in 1812, followed by one from Sven Fogelberg of Lund in 1861. The current mechanical organ dates from 1958, built by the Frederiksborg organ workshop in Denmark, though it retains the façade of the 1861 instrument.