The church was raised in the later 1100s, with its round west tower added slightly afterwards, probably intended for defence rather than purely for worship. Hammarlunda is one of only four surviving churches in Skåne with a round tower attached to the nave, alongside Bollerup, Blentarp and Hammarlöv. Excavations beneath the tower floor uncovered two stone chamber graves from around 1200, thought to belong to the local lord and his wife who may have built the tower as their own burial monument.
The building follows a classic Romanesque plan: a rectangular nave, a narrower and lower chancel, and a semicircular apse at the eastern end. During the fifteenth century the church was given vaulted ceilings and a porch was added before the south entrance. Above the vaults, fragments of Romanesque wall paintings survive, though little further detail is recorded here. Restoration work in the 1960s revealed traces of two earlier stave churches on the site, evidence of a long history of worship predating the present stone building.
The oldest furnishing is the sandstone font, carved from a single block and attributed to the workshop of the stonemason Mårten, a maker associated with several Romanesque churches in the region. The Renaissance altarpiece dates from 1589. The church's pulpit incorporates parts of an earlier gallery pulpit from 1636, a gift from Henrik Ramel of Löberöd Castle, whose coat of arms was said to decorate the original piece.
The present organ was built in 1929 by Olof Hammarberg of Gothenburg, replacing an earlier instrument from 1807 by Carl Grönvall; the organ case retains the older 1807 façade. It was renovated in 1982.