The church was built in Romanesque style towards the end of the 1100s, or more likely around the year 1200. In its earliest form it lacked an apse, tower, porch and sacristy. An apse with a groin vault was added at the east end shortly afterwards, while the west tower followed in the late medieval period. The handsome star vaults date from the close of the 1400s.
In 1914–1915 the tower was raised to its present height and the church bells were moved from a freestanding bell tower into the tower itself; the present porch beside the tower was added at the same time. A restoration in 1956–1957 uncovered seventeenth-century painted decoration on the walls. A more extensive facade renovation in 1994 stripped away most of the exterior render, revealing the building's construction history; when new render was applied, markings were made to indicate the different building phases. That work also uncovered a chequerboard-patterned ashlar stone in the church wall, a detail closely linked to stonemasons from northern Jutland in Denmark; only a handful of Swedish churches, including Växjö Cathedral, are known to have similar stonework.
A freestanding bell tower on the church's east side dates from 1665. It stood empty after the bells were transferred to the church tower in 1914, until a new bell was hung there in 1956.
Among the furnishings is a font of Scottish sandstone from 1947, designed by Gunnar Torhamn, and a triumphal crucifix of 1998 whose figure of Christ is said to date from the later 1400s. The pulpit dates from around 1800, and the enclosed pew compartments with doors, from the late 1600s, survive well despite having their doors removed in the 1950s. Five chandeliers hang in the church, the oldest a brass example from 1692, and a chasuble of 1758 is attributed to the court embroiderer Christoffer Sergell of Stockholm, father of the sculptor Johan Tobias Sergel.
A notable feature of Moheda is its small church museum, housed in the parish hall near the church, which preserves fragments of a medieval font attributed to the so-called Njudung Master, along with pieces of a gallery front, an alms box, a chest and a set of stocks.
The church has had several organs over the centuries, including instruments by Lars Solberg in the 1730s–40s and Emil Wirell in 1915; the current mechanical organ, with seventeen stops, was built in 1961 by Olof Hammarberg of Gothenburg.