The church was built in 1923–24 to designs by the architect Edward (Edvard) Dahlbäck, who intended it to function as a kind of all-purpose parish building rather than a conventional standalone church. It was consecrated in 1924 and belongs to Stora Tuna parish in the Diocese of Västerås.
The building has been altered more than once. In 1971, under architect Åke Temnerud, the parish hall wing was extended, the worship space was reorientated by a half-turn, and its fittings were renewed; it was at this point that Kvarnsvedens kyrka gained formal status as a parish church. A further extension in 1993 lengthened the original main building to the west and added a hall adjoining the church room, along with a new sacristy and storage space. The church floor was renewed again in 2003.
The church originally had no bell or bell tower. A freestanding bell tower to the east of the church was completed in 1944, funded by donations, and carries a bell inscribed with a biblical text from the Book of Jeremiah.
Among the furnishings, a large crucifix by the sculptor Arvid Backlund originally stood on the altar. The altarpiece, made of sheet metal and metal wire, is the work of sculptor Bo Holmlund of Bomsarvet. The font's basin is said to come from an older font, while its base dates from the 1971 renovation.