The church was ordered by Charles XI, who often stayed at nearby Kungsör manor and announced plans for a new stone church on the site in 1688. He entrusted the design to the royal architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger. Building began in 1690, but the king died in 1697 before the interior was finished; the church was finally consecrated in 1700 by Bishop Erik Benzelius.
Architecturally the church is built as an octagon with square transept arms and a copper-clad dome, giving it a distinctive centralised plan rather than the traditional long nave found in most Swedish parish churches. The exterior combines a hewn sandstone base with rendered walls, while the interior is arranged around a broad central aisle with enclosed pews and a gallery resting on carved consoles.
A large gilded copper crown was placed on the dome's lantern in 1897 to mark 200 years since Charles XI's death, a detail that still catches the eye from outside.
Several notable furnishings survive from the church's early years. The altarpiece was designed by Tessin himself, with an elaborately carved frame by sculptor Burchard Precht, and a painting of Christ on the cross signed by David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl in 1692. The pulpit is said to have come originally from the chapel of Tre Kronor Castle in Stockholm, and the font, dating from 1703, is also attributed to Precht's workshop.
A modest human story attaches to the church's early history: Per Frestare, said to have served Per Sparre and to have been involved in the killing of Sparre's steward in 1664, later fled abroad before being pardoned around 1670 and entering the king's personal guard. According to local tradition he oversaw the church's construction and was buried within it in 1716, apparently in fulfilment of a promise made by the king.
A major remodelling in 1957–1958 altered much of the church's appearance, removing the sacristy behind the choir, transept pews, and a vaulted stairway down to the burial vault beneath the building; the original 1695 exterior plasterwork was also stripped away at this time. The present organ, built in 1963 by Grönlunds Orgelbyggeri, replaced an earlier gallery organ whose case had echoed the building's baroque design.