Plans for a church serving Haga date back to the 1660s, when residents were promised regular services if they could provide a chaplain and a place of worship. Early attempts to secure a building site were refused by the Crown, and it took until the 1850s for a fundraising campaign, led with support from the Gothenburg dean Johan Henrik Thomander, to gather enough money. Substantial donations came from the merchants David Carnegie the Younger and Simon Ahrenberg, and the church's designs were based on plans originally obtained from an English church-building society before being reworked by the architect Adolf W. Edelsvärd.
Construction ran from 1856 to 1859, and the church was consecrated on Advent Sunday, 27 November 1859, by the dean Peter Wieselgren. Contemporary reaction was largely favourable, with the writer Viktor Rydberg praising the calm, devotional character of its interior and the strength of its tower. The building served initially as an annexe to Gothenburg Cathedral before Haga became its own parish in 1883.
The church is a three-aisled brick basilica with transepts and a three-sided chancel, built on a granite foundation with yellow-clad brickwork and sandstone door and window surrounds imported from Edinburgh. Its 49-metre tower, topped with a gilded copper cross and surrounded by four small corner spires, remains a distinctive feature of the Haga skyline. The chancel windows contain stained glass by the artist Albert Eldh, added in stages during the 1920s and 1930s.
Inside, wooden sculptures of the four evangelists surround the pulpit, carved by Carl Ahlborn. The church bells, cast at Götaverken and installed in 1882, were a gift from a local merchant, and the tower clock followed in 1913. A major renovation in 1970, overseen by the architect Sven Brolid, saw the interior repainted and new pews installed; a baptismal chapel created at that time was later removed during further changes to the chancel in 2003, which brought the altar closer to the congregation to suit choirs and orchestras.
The church holds two organs of note: a west gallery organ originally built in 1861 by Marcussen & Søn, rebuilt several times but still containing well-preserved material from its original construction, and a north German baroque-style organ built in 1992 by the American organ builder John Brombaugh, valued for its historically inspired design. Hagakyrkan has also had a long association with Gothenburg's Latvian congregation, who have used it as a spiritual home since 1947.