Christian worship in Ljuder is said to date back to the Middle Ages, with the year 1270 recorded on a memorial cross marking the site of the old church. By the early 1800s the ancient wooden church had become too small and dilapidated, and in 1839 a parish meeting, chaired by the bishop and poet Esaias Tegnér, resolved to build anew. Money was scarce in this poor rural district, and the project was repeatedly threatened by lack of funds, but the new stone church was built between 1842 and 1844 to designs by Carl-Gustaf Blom-Carlsson. The first service was held in Advent 1845, with formal consecration following on 23 August 1846. The old medieval church was demolished in 1849.
Architecturally the church is a good example of the plain, rectangular so-called "Tegnérlada" style associated with churches built during this period, with a rounded sacristy to the east and a tower to the west. Its wooden lantern, painted pink and white, was altered from the original design, with a starred obelisk later replaced by a simple cross. The interior remains largely intact, with grisaille wall paintings and altar decoration by Carl Strömberg, and closed box pews and an organ loft surviving from the original build.
The altarpiece, depicting the Resurrection of Christ, was painted in 1845 by Gustaf Lindblom and is a copy of a work by Fredric Westin in Kungsholm Church in Stockholm. Other notable furnishings include a font from 1943 by sculptor Anders Jönsson, a carved wooden christening candle-holder from 1969, and a large red "christening heart" installed in 2010, made by local craftspeople, in which an angel is placed for each baptism. An icon painting on the north wall, completed in 1980 by Sven-Bertil Svensson, draws on early Christian and Eastern church traditions, while a wooden Golgotha group depicting the Crucifixion, attributed to a local carver, also stands on the north side.
The area around Ljuder was, in the late nineteenth century, a landscape of poverty and mass emigration, and it inspired Vilhelm Moberg's novel sequence about the emigrants from the fictional Duvemåla. The church features prominently in that story, and an "America Room" has been created in the parish hall beside the church to illustrate the lives of people from this emigrant heartland.
The church organ has an intricate history: an instrument of 17 stops was built around 1856 by Carl August Johansson, rebuilt behind the same façade in 1952 by Olof Hammarberg, and later restored between 2006 and 2007 to something closer to its original nineteenth-century form and disposition.