Rörum's original church was a medieval building standing a little to the south of the present one, in what is now known as the old churchyard. By the 1830s it was considered too small and in poor repair, and discussions about rebuilding began, given added urgency when the old church's tower collapsed in 1838. It took decades before action followed: in 1877 the builder Eneberg was commissioned to erect a new church to designs by A. Silvander. Built in 1879, it was consecrated on Candlemas Day, 1 February 1880 — an occasion local newspaper Cimbrishamns-Bladet reported was marred when a couple of women were trampled in the crowd.
Once the new church was in use, the old one was judged surplus to requirements and demolished by explosives in 1881. The demolition was thorough, and almost nothing survives of the medieval building except a handful of fittings that were carried over into the new church: the pulpit, the altarpiece and the font.
The pulpit dates from the early seventeenth century and is decorated with a canopy divided into four fields, each showing one of the Evangelists with his symbol, with the dove representing the Holy Spirit beneath. The altarpiece is older still, from 1593, divided into four panels bearing the words of the Eucharistic institution in both Swedish and Latin. When the new church opened, this altarpiece was initially thought too shabby for use and was replaced first by a gilded wooden cross and then by an image of Christ; it was eventually restored and returned to the church in 1965. The church's crucifix, from the 1500s, is well preserved apart from one replaced arm; a second, older crucifix once kept here is now held by the Historical Museum in Lund.
The bells were also inherited from the old church. The larger bell is still in use, while the smaller one was replaced with a new casting in 1970; the earlier bell, dated 1381, can be seen displayed inside the church behind the pews.
The present organ was built in 1955 by Wilhelm Hemmersam of Copenhagen, a mechanical instrument that replaced an 1889 organ by Carl August Johansson of Hovmantorp; it was rebuilt in 1992 by A. Mårtensson's organ workshop.
Rörum has two churchyards, divided by a road: one surrounding the current church, and the older burial ground on the site of the demolished medieval church, where a mortuary chapel and another building still stand.