The present church was raised between 1811 and 1812 to replace Sten's church, demolished in 1811, and Kälvesten's church, believed to have been pulled down around the same time. Västra Stenby church was built on the site of the latter, and the merged parish took the name Västra Stenby from the new building. The design was the work of architect Per Wilhelm Palmroth, with Johan Holmberg appointed as master builder for the construction.
The building follows a simple, restrained plan typical of the neoclassical style: a rectangular nave with a straight-ended chancel to the east and a tower to the west. A three-sided sacristy of two storeys adjoins the chancel on its eastern side. The exterior walls are whitewashed, and the gabled roof is covered with wooden shingles, giving the church a clean, pale silhouette against the surrounding landscape.
Just inside the churchyard gates stands a runestone known as the Kälvesten stone, dated to around 980–1015, a striking reminder of the site's much older history predating the current building by centuries. Traces of the earlier Sten parish also survive nearby, including church ruins, a graveyard and a former rectory.
Inside, the font is carved from limestone with an octagonal bowl and bears an inscription dated 1663; it was made in Michael Hacke's workshop in Skänninge. The pulpit, which lacks a canopy, was made in 1812 by Anders Malmström, the same year the church itself was completed. The altarpiece, painted in 1798 by Pehr Hörberg, depicts the Crucifixion and predates the current building, having presumably been brought from one of the earlier churches.
The church has had a succession of organs. An instrument was built in the old church in 1741 by Carl Björling of Kristberg, followed by a ten-stop organ from Jonas Fredric Schiörlin in 1820. The current organ dates from 1889, built by E. A. Setterqvist & Son of Örebro, and has since been altered and partially restored, most recently in 1979.