The church's earliest fabric consists of a Romanesque nave and a narrower chancel ending in a semicircular apse to the east, built of rubble stone using a shell-wall technique. It is thought that an earlier wooden church may have stood on the same site. Late in the 15th century, Gothic brick vaults were added, replacing the original flat ceiling.
The building's exterior has changed considerably over the centuries. A freestanding wooden bell tower, shingle-clad and painted red, was built in 1636 beside the west gable, remaining in use (though repaired several times) until 1860, when it was replaced by the stone tower seen today. Until 1855 the church had two porches, used separately by men and women entering through south and north doors respectively; a mid-19th-century remodelling converted these porches into transepts, giving the church its present cross-shaped plan, while the nave was extended westward in the early 1860s.
That same 1850s rebuilding saw the demolition of the old Cedercrantz burial vault, which had been located beneath the north porch. The Cedercrantz family owned nearby Stjernarp estate, which held patronage rights over Tönnersjö and Eldsberga churches for extended periods between the 17th and 19th centuries.
Among the church's furnishings, the pulpit dates from the Danish period and is considered typical of the style associated with Christian IV, prevailing in the early 17th century; it was restored to something closer to its original appearance in 1956, after having been moved during the 1855 renovation. Its five faces are carved with images of Christ and the four evangelists. A wooden figure of Christ from the early 15th century, also restored in the twentieth century, survives in the church, while a madonna and a figure of Saint Lawrence—both wooden and dated to the early 16th century, once part of an altar cabinet here—are now kept at Halmstad's art museum; a modern copy of the madonna has been carved for the church.
Other notable items include a 16th-century communion chalice believed to have been made in Nuremberg, with a paten added in the 1660s, and two bells cast in 1651 and 1765 respectively. The organ, originally built in 1872 by Erik Adolf Setterqvist of Örebro, was moved and rebuilt in 1952 into its present position in the north transept; its facade is thought to survive from the original instrument.