The church was built in 1858–1859 to designs by the architect and major Adolf Wilhelm Edelsvärd, one of the earliest figures to introduce Gothic Revival forms to Sweden. Edelsvärd later became well known as the Swedish State Railways' own architect, responsible for many of the country's larger station buildings, and Sandarne kyrka is considered an early and valuable example of his work in this style.
Construction was funded by the Gothenburg merchant firm James Dickson & Co, who owned the Sandarne estate at the time. The foundation stone was laid in July 1858, reportedly by the then Crown Prince Carl, and the church was consecrated in January 1867 in a ceremony involving local clergy and a workers' choir from nearby Askesta.
The building is a timber structure with a rectangular nave, a three-sided east end and a tower rising above the west gable, with the entrance on the west side. A sacristy was added to the north side of the nave in 1922, but otherwise the church remains largely unchanged since it was built. Its walls, boarded both inside and out, are painted in light colours with darker window surrounds and pilaster strips, and the interior retains an exposed roof-truss structure with detailed joinery. Much of the fixed furnishings date from the time of construction and are in keeping with the building's overall style.
Of note inside are the stained-glass windows in the tall, narrow, pointed openings of the altar wall, dating from the late nineteenth century, and a granite font acquired in 1931. Two church bells were cast in 1865 by F. M. Bergholtz in Stockholm, paid for by James Dickson & Co.
The church also has a notable organ history: an instrument built in 1859 (or possibly 1866, sources differ) by Frans Andersson of Stockholm won a bronze medal at the Stockholm Industrial Exhibition of 1866 before being installed in the church. The current organ, built in 1953 by Olof Hammarberg of Gothenburg, retains the façade of its predecessor.