The church was built between 1914 and 1915 by the villagers of Finnträsk themselves, using volunteer labour and without outside financial support. The design, drawn up in 1914 in the old Per-Orsagården farmhouse in the village, was the fourth attempt at a church for Finnträsk; earlier proposals by the architect Johan Fredrik Åbom in the 1850s were never used, though some of the building's features are said to echo his designs and also recall a since-demolished prayer house in Skellefteå. The young local builder James Eriksson oversaw construction, with villagers Robert and Per Gunnar Lundqvist credited as architects.
The long, single-nave building combines a neoclassical plan with pointed Gothic-style windows, and has a saddle roof, tower and sacristy, the latter long known locally as "the chapel". Its churchyard predates the church by decades: it was consecrated in 1837, making it the oldest in Byske parish, though burials there ceased between 1865 and 1914 during a long and drawn-out dispute over where the parish's church should eventually be built. A wooden memorial cross, raised in 1965 for the church's fiftieth anniversary, commemorates those buried on the site during that earlier period.
Inside, the carved altarpiece depicting a cross with a draped cloth and crown of thorns has a well-travelled history: made around 1860 for the ironworks church at Ytterstfors, it was moved to the newly consecrated Byske church in 1872 before finally coming to Finnträsk in 1914. The font dates from the late 1950s, its relief angels carved by the sculptor Werner Åström of Gagsmark. A 1954 reordering saw some windows bricked up and the interior repainted by the church artist Torsten Nordberg of Stockholm; notably, Nordberg, the sculptor Åström and the builder James Eriksson were all said to be direct descendants of the couple who founded Finnträsk village.