Construction of the church took place between 1642 and 1651, on the site of the town's main square, after Alingsås had become a town and the parish had split from its predecessor. Queen Christina's donation of 100 daler silver towards the building gave the church its name, though for a period it was known simply as the Stadskyrkan (town church), before reverting to its original name after a major renovation in 1986. The building is designed in the classicist style typical of its period, with a fully broad, three-sided chancel. Its tower, added between 1788 and 1793, carries a dome and lantern that give it a Gustavian character.
The interior has been altered repeatedly over the centuries, though the wooden barrel vault from the late 1700s and the pulpit of 1791 survive from that period. The colour scheme—a blue ceiling, dark red pews and galleries, and pale pink-yellow walls—is said to evoke, in the words used locally, a stretch of sky and a scent of earth. The church today seats around 250–400 visitors, according to differing sources.
The oldest surviving furnishing is an altar painting dating from 1658, by an unknown artist, now displayed on the north wall of the nave; it survived as the main altarpiece until 1791. Nearby hang two oil paintings, likely from the late 1700s, depicting the deposition of Christ and Mary and John at the cross; these were donated to the church in 1804. Two carved figures above the south door, by the sculptor H. Holm, date from 1907 and once formed part of an earlier altar arrangement.
The present altarpiece over the chancel is a triptych painted in 1945 by Bo Beskow, showing the Sermon on the Mount flanked by Christ's entry into Jerusalem and the agony in Gethsemane. Beskow also created the two stained-glass windows beside it, depicting the Tree of Knowledge and the Tree of Life, though these were not added until 1985. Nearby, a pewter font designed in 1931 by architects Helge Zimdahl and Nils Ahrbom stands beside a carved wooden relief by Arvid Bryth from 1972.
The porch, rebuilt at various times, once stood on the church's south side between 1714 and 1865 before moving to its current position in the west. Four black memorial tablets from the 1600s, bearing the initials of the Dreffenfäldt, Wernstedt and Ribbing families, are displayed there. Outside, on the church's south side, the agriculturalist and industrialist Jonas Alströmer is buried within an iron-railed enclosure, and a carved stone tablet of 1682 records the founding year of the church, 1642.