The chapel stands on the site of a brass foundry (mässingsbruk) established in 1623 under state ownership, having earlier belonged to local farmers before being acquired by the Crown. Between 1657 and 1778 the works community was served by seventeen resident chaplains, reflecting the settlement's self-contained character during its industrial heyday.
A temporary chapel and bell tower were first erected on the site in the 1650s, before the present building replaced them in 1679, built by Henrik Rosenström. Its baroque design is attributed to the architect Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, and unusually for a Swedish church, the chancel faces west rather than east. The building was restored in 1881 under the direction of chamberlain Johan Otto Blomstedt, who had acquired the Vällinge estate in 1872; a chandelier formerly hanging in Kungsholm Church (also known as Ulrika Eleonora Church) was installed at this time.
The chapel's organ has a particularly chequered history. Dating from the later eighteenth century, its facade is crowned with a Vasa sheaf motif, suggesting it may originally have been built for a royal patron. It was installed in Salem Church in 1781 before being moved to Vällinge in 1855 at the initiative of Major K. F. König, then owner of Vällinge estate. After König's death in 1858, a subsequent owner stripped out the interior fittings and converted the chapel into a grain store, and in the 1930s the organ was further vandalised by labour-service workers billeted at the estate. It was restored in the mid-1940s, with new pipes for three stops fitted by Anders Holmberg of Stockholm.
Today the parish uses the chapel for a small number of services each year, including around Midsummer, continuing a tradition of worship on this site that stretches back over three centuries despite the building's turbulent interludes as farm storage.