The church began as a Romanesque building, likely raised in the 1100s. A tower was added in the 1400s, and the nave was given vaulted ceilings the same century; the chancel was lengthened around 1500. Traces of Romanesque wall paintings survive from this early period, though they are largely hidden behind the later vaulting. The tower itself was rebuilt in 1790–1791, giving it much of its current appearance.
A significant transformation came in the 1850s, when two transept arms were added to designs by Carl Georg Brunius, giving the building its present cross-shaped plan. A new sacristy followed in 1910. Together these changes mean that the church visible today is very much a layered structure, with medieval origins overlaid by substantial nineteenth and early twentieth-century work.
Among the furnishings, the pulpit and altarpiece are notable survivals from the early 1600s, both attributed to the same craftsman, Jacob Kremberg, and dated 1606 and 1608 respectively. The octagonal wooden font, carved with relief scenes from the Bible on its sides, is generally dated to 1632, though one source places it in the 1600s more broadly without giving this precise year. In the north transept hangs a wooden processional crucifix thought to have been carved in the 1400s, traditionally attributed to the so-called Törringe Master.
A gravestone beside the altar commemorates an eighteenth-century vicar of Vellinge who had previously served as a military chaplain under Charles XII, a small but tangible link between the parish and the wider currents of Swedish history.
The church bells also span several centuries: the larger bell dates from the 1500s, though it was recast in 1877, while the smaller bell is medieval, cast in the 1400s. The current organ was built in 1950 by a Danish workshop and later adjusted in 1968; earlier instruments from the 1800s and early 1900s preceded it, reflecting a long history of musical life in the church.